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Tureng Tepe
Tureng Tepe ((ペルシア語:تورنگ تپه), "Hill of the Pheasants")〔 (alternatively spelled in English as Turang Tappe/Tape/Tappa/Tappeh) is an archaeological site in northeastern Iran, in the Gorgan plain,〔(The pioneer of pre-history ), The National (Abu Dhabi) (October 12, 2009)〕〔Potts, D.T. (Mesopotamia: The Material Foundation ) (Athlone Press 1997) (ISBN 0-485-93001-3)〕 approximately 17 km northeast of the town of Gorgan.〔(Achaemenid history ), p. 124–126 (1988)〕
Tureng Tepe consists of a group of mounds interspersed with ponds and water courses. The whole archaeological pattern is about 800 – 900 m in diameter. Most of the mounds rise between 11 and 15 m above the level of the surrounding plan, but the steep central mound, marked A on the Wulsin's plan, is over 30 m high and dominated the entire site.
The oldest remains on the site date to the Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods. The Bronze Age settlement portion of the site dates from approximately 3100-2900 BC through 1900 BC.〔Moreau, Kathy. (Tureng Tepe, Iran expedition records (finding aid) ) (University of Pennsylvania, Penn Museum Archives, 2010), Retrieved July 19, 2010〕 In 1841, some material (including gold vessels) from the site was sent to the Shah (Mohammad Shah Qajar), and examined by Clement Augustus (C.A.) de Bode, piquing initial modern interest in the site.〔Rostovtzeff, M. ( The Sumerian Treasure of Astrabad ), ''in The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology'', Vol. 6, No. 1 (Jan., 1920), pp. 4–27〕〔Coon, Carleton S. (Caravan – The Story of Middle East ), p. 221 (1958)〕 The first modern excavations were done by Frederick Wulsin in 1931, sponsored by the Atkins Museum of Fine Arts.〔 Grey ware pottery from the site was found and studied.〔Encyclopædia Iranica, (CERAMICS ix. The Bronze Age in Northeastern Persia ), Retrieved July 19, 2010〕 In the mid-20th century, the site (a hill) had a height of approximately 30m. In 1959, Jean Deshayes (1924–1979)〔(NOTICES NECROLOGIQUES: Jean DESHAYES (1924–1979) ), Paleorient (1979), Vol. 5, Issue 5, p.7〕 rediscovered the site, and regular excavations began soon after until 1979.〔Leriche, Pierre. (Fouilles de Tureng Tepe I (Review) ), ''Syria'', 1994, vol. 71, n° 1, pp. 239–242.〕
==Chronology==
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